Responses to transparency notices: Child sexual exploitation and abuse material and activity
This page focuses on findings from transparency notices given to online service providers about child sexual exploitation and abuse material and activity.
By giving notices and information requests to online service providers, eSafety can obtain information about their compliance with the Basic Online Safety Expectations. Notices are enforceable, backed by civil penalties and other enforcement mechanisms, and can require non-periodic reporting (one-off reports) or periodic reporting (multiple reports).
eSafety can publish summaries of the information received under notices, improving industry's transparency and driving accountability.
On this page:
Periodic reporting series
On 22 July 2024, eSafety gave periodic reporting notices to eight providers of online services: Apple, Discord, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Skype, Snap and WhatsApp.
The notices require these providers to report every 6 months for a two-year period on their compliance with the Expectations, focusing on child sexual exploitation and abuse material and activity, including grooming, and sexual extortion of children and adults.
The latest information from the periodic notices, including responses to Report 1 (15 July 2024 to 15 December 2024) and Report 2 (1 January 2025 to 30 June 2025), can be found in the snapshot of key findings and our interactive transparency summary.
The findings from the first reporting period (15 July 2024 to 15 December 2024) published in August 2025 are available to download:
Interactive transparency summary and snapshots
This PowerBI interactive report summarises the information that eSafety received from responses to the notices.
The data and information in this report shows the response to questions asked of all service providers, except in some cases where the responses are from a subset of providers which offer similar service functions, such as generative artificial intelligence (AI) features or live video functionalities. Each page of this report can be filtered by the report period, provider and service.
This report should be read in conjunction with our snapshot published on the eSafety website for the relevant reporting period. The snapshot highlights the key findings of the report to show where improvements by services have been observed and where there is still work to be done.
How to use this PowerBI report
- Click or tap on the double-ended arrows to expand the report to full screen.
- Use the slider on the panel to zoom in and out.
- We recommend that your device screen has a minimum display size of 800 x 720 pixels for the best viewing experience.
Non-periodic reports
October 2023 report
This transparency report and key findings report summarise the responses to notices given to Google, Twitter (X), TikTok, Twitch and Discord regarding the steps being taken to detect and address child sexual exploitation and abuse on their services, including sexual extortion and the safety of recommender systems.
Download the report:
Read the key findings online or download the PDF:
Following publication of this transparency report, X Corp. advised eSafety that its response to questions regarding the detection of livestreaming of child sexual exploitation and abuse on the Twitter service ‘was inaccurate due to an inadvertent error' and provided a revised response to the question. The following document includes X Corp.'s revised response.
Click or tap on the + to learn more about findings of non-compliance and action taken by certain providers.
Finding of non-compliance and action taken: Google
Google failed to answer a number of questions in response to the notice, in certain instances providing generic information where specific information was sought. eSafety found that Google failed to prepare a report in the manner and form required and did not comply to the extent that it was capable, as required under sections 56(2)(b) and 57 of the Act.
Google has been issued with a formal warning, notifying it of its failure to comply, and warning against non-compliance in the future.
Finding of non-compliance and action taken: X Corp. (in relation to the Twitter service)
eSafety considered X Corp.'s failure to comply to be more serious. In some instances, X Corp. failed to provide any response to the question, such as by leaving the boxes entirely blank. In other instances, X Corp. provided a response that was otherwise incomplete and/or inaccurate. eSafety found that X Corp. failed to prepare a report in the manner and form required and did not comply to the extent that it was capable, as required under sections 56(2)(b) and 57 of the Act.
In October 2023, eSafety has issued a service provider notification to X Corp. confirming its non-compliance, as well as an infringement notice for AUD610,500.
Update: 21 December 2023
X Corp. did not pay the infringement notice. On 10 November 2023, it sought judicial review of eSafety’s reliance on the transparency notice and the giving of the service provider notification and infringement notice to X Corp.
On 21 December 2023, eSafety commenced civil penalty proceedings in the Federal Court against X Corp. for allegedly failing to comply with the notice.
eSafety’s initiating court documents:
Read eSafety's media statement for more information.
December 2022 report
This report summarises the responses to notices issued to Apple, Meta, WhatsApp, Microsoft, Skype, Snap and Omegle regarding the steps being taken to detect and address child sexual exploitation and abuse on their services.
Download the report
About transparency reports
Under section 49(2) of the Act, eSafety can give periodic notices requiring service providers to report at regular intervals on their compliance with the Expectations.
Under section 56(2) of the Online Safety Act 2021 (the Act), eSafety can give non-periodic notices requiring service providers to report on their compliance with the Expectations.
Under section 20 of the Online Safety (Basic Online Safety Expectations) Determination, eSafety can request certain information from a service provider by written notice and a provider is expected to comply with the request within 30 days after the notice of request is given.
Published reports by eSafety
Read more responses to transparency notices on:
Last updated: 04/02/2026