Child grooming and unwanted contact

Socialising online can be a great way for children to build friendships, but it can also put them at risk.

This page is for parents and carers. It covers:

What is grooming?
How to deal with unwanted contact
How does online grooming happen?
How can I protect my child?
What to do if something goes wrong, including how to report it

Targeted advice is also available for kids, young people or adults who may be experiencing unwanted contact.

Unwanted contact is any type of online communication that your child finds unpleasant or upsetting, or that leads them into a situation where they may be unsafe. This can happen even if they initially welcomed the contact. It can come from strangers, online ‘friends’ your child has not met face-to-face, or from someone they actually know.

What is grooming?

The worst danger is ‘grooming’ — someone building a relationship with a child in order to sexually abuse them. This abuse can happen in a physical meeting, but it increasingly happens online when children or young people are tricked or persuaded into sexual activity on webcams or into sending sexual images.

55% of young people have communicated with someone they first met online.

How to deal with unwanted contact

If someone is contacting your child and this contact is unwanted or makes them feel uncomfortable, there are things you can do to help.

Make their accounts private

For younger children, ensure their accounts are not publicly available and establish rules around what types of content they should share online.

For older children, suggest they make their accounts private, or revise their privacy settings so they can control who can look at their photos and posts. This includes the settings on their apps, social media and gaming accounts. By adjusting their privacy settings, they can stay in control of who sees their posts online and who can contact them directly. Advice about privacy settings is available in the The eSafety Guide.

Delete contacts they don’t really know

Encourage your child to delete contacts they don’t actually know in person. Ask them to go through all the people who follow them or they are friends with online and check that they know them. If not, it is probably a good idea to delete them.

Report and block

Let your child know that they can talk to you at any time if they receive any contact that is inappropriate or makes them feel uncomfortable — and there are steps you can take together.

If you child receives any unwanted contact from someone they know or a stranger, encourage them to report and block this person on the site or service used to contact them. The e Safety Guide has online safety information and direct reporting links. If the contact persists, or it becomes aggressive or threatening contact your local police.

Delete requests from strangers

Encourage your child to delete friend or follow requests from people they don’t know. A good tip is to get them to check whether new requests share mutual friends. If they feel unsure about someone, encourage them to delete the request.

Case study

Audio
My name is Simone O'Connell. I have two boys. Sonny is nearly 14 and Rafferty is 11. Unwanted contact is definietly a concern for me because we have spyware on our internet and when we moved house it wasn't set up yet and Raff in particular got access unfortunately to some really dodgy images. My name is Sonny O'Connell and I'm 13. My name's Rafferty O'Connell and I'm 11.
Rafferty: I've had an incident where one of my friends was playing with what I thought were two of his friends but he told me that he didn't know the people. Simone: We speak very openly to the boys about all these issues and we're always asking them who they're playing with, what they're playing. We set boundaries. As a parent we can use all the help we can get to keep our kids safe. Sonny: I talk to parents about everything I'm doing online, who I'm associating myself with, if I'm trying to talk to anyone, if I'm watching anything in particular. I'm always trying to communicate as well as I can.
Learn more at eSafety.gov.au

Audio

My name is Simone O'Connell. I have two boys. Sonny is nearly 14 and Rafferty is 11. Unwanted contact is definietly a concern for me because we have spyware on our internet and when we moved house it wasn't set up yet and Raff in particular got access unfortunately to some really dodgy images.

My name is Sonny O'Connell and I'm 13.

My name's Rafferty O'Connell and I'm 11.

Rafferty: I've had an incident where one of my friends was playing with what I thought were two of his friends but he told me that he didn't know the people.

Simone: We speak very openly to the boys about all these issues and we're always asking them who they're playing with, what they're playing. We set boundaries. As a parent we can use all the help we can get to keep our kids safe.

Sonny: I talk to parents about everything I'm doing online, who I'm associating myself with, if I'm trying to talk to anyone, if I'm watching anything in particular. I'm always trying to communicate as well as I can.

Learn more at eSafety.gov.au

Unwanted Contact

How does online grooming happen?

Grooming involves building a relationship with a child in order to later abuse them.

Groomers can use sophisticated strategies to gain your child’s trust online:

They frequent sites that children use, sometimes pretending to be young people themselves to trick children into chatting and sharing.
They may be adults. They may also be under 18 themselves and groom a younger child, or they could be another young person that is coerced into obtaining sexual images of other children.
They use personal information they have gathered about a child to develop a connection with them and as the relationship grows, the child becomes comfortable sharing more information about themselves.
They build secrecy in the relationship and aim to physically and emotionally separate a child from their family and friends.
They test and gauge how willing a child is to engage in sexual activities. Some young people may use the internet to explore their sexuality and initially welcome and be open to online contact that facilitates this.
They share sexually explicit material and may ask for an intimate image of the child. This can then be used as a tool to pressure the child to send more material, or to meet in person. See also our guide to sending nudes and sexting for parents and carers.

The risk of online grooming increases if your child does any of these things:

Posts personal details like their full name or school online without using the privacy controls — this means the information is accessible to people who could use it to build an inappropriate relationship with your child.
Accepts contacts or ‘friend’ requests from people they do not know — this allows strangers to access their personal information and images.
Responds to anonymous users on apps and websites.
Visits sites targeting adults, such as some social media dating, online chat or gaming sites — this increases the likelihood of your child being contacted by older teens or adults for sexual purposes.
Posts ‘sexy’ photos and messages or uses a sexually suggestive screen name — children may see this as being mature or funny, but it might attract dangerous people.

How can I protect my child?

Stay involved in your child’s digital world

Keep up-to-date with the sites, apps and online chat services they are using, and explore them together.
Consider whether you are comfortable with the content on these sites and the potential for contact with others, including adults.
If you are concerned they are visiting sites they have not told you about, talk to them about your concern. As a backup, you could look at your child’s internet browsing history — but this should be a last resort. The aim is to establish trust and open dialogue.
Try to be aware of who they socialise with in the real world and who they know only in the virtual world.

Build an open trusting relationship

Keep communication open and calm so they know they can come to you when someone is asking them to do something that does not feel right.
They especially need to feel comfortable about telling you if they have done something they regret and someone is pressuring them as a result.

Help your child to protect their privacy

Guide your child to use their privacy settings on the sites they use and restrict their online information to known friends only.
Encourage them to use a first name or nickname to identify themselves in online chats and social media, or when they are gaming. They should never disclose their phone number, address or school.
Explain that they should not send photographs of themselves that clearly show their identity.
For younger children, ask them not to post or text images or videos without your permission.
Explore our guide to privacy for parents and carers.

Teach your child to be alert to signs of inappropriate contact

Help your child recognise signs that an ‘online friend’ may be trying to develop an inappropriate relationship, even if they initially welcomed the contact. See warning signs for your child below.
Young people may be particularly vulnerable if they are starting to explore their sexuality through their online activities. Check out our advice for parents about online pornography and the hard-to-have conversations.

Warning signs for your child

Encourage your child to be wary when someone:

asks a lot of questions about personal information soon after meeting
starts asking them for favours and does things in return — abusers often use promises, gifts and favours to gain trust
wants to keep the relationship secret — online groomers typically try to keep their relationships with their targets extremely private from the beginning, asking for it to be something ‘special’ just between the two people
contacts them frequently and in different ways, like texting, through Instagram or online chat services
asks them things like who else uses their device or computer, or which room they use it in
compliments them on their appearance or body or asks things like, ‘have you ever been kissed’?
insists on meeting — tries to make them feel guilty or even threatens them if they are unwilling.

Many of these warning signs can apply to people the child knows in person, as well as to strangers. If your child starts to become uncomfortable about the relationship, they should report inappropriate contact to the site or service used to contact them.

Establish safety guidelines for meeting online ‘friends’ face-to-face

Explain that it is safest to keep online ‘friends’ online. If your child does want to meet someone face-to-face, they should get your permission first — to make sure they're safe.
Explain that it's safest to meet in a public place during the day, and they should be accompanied by you or another trusted adult.
Remind them to tell someone where they are going and who they are meeting.

What to do if something goes wrong

Your child may not tell you if an online ‘friendship’ has become compromising or difficult because they are embarrassed or ashamed, or afraid it might make things worse. This is what online groomers rely on. Your child may also have welcomed the initial contact until it made them feel uncomfortable.

Be alert to worrying changes in your child's behaviour or mood. Watch for signs of withdrawal, anxiety, sadness or changed interactions with family or friends.

If your child is being bullied online, our guide to cyberbullying for parents and carers can help you to respond.

If your child has provided a photo or given information to someone that they are concerned about, or if they are being pressured to do so, there are things you can do.

Stay calm and reassure your child they are not in trouble

Explain that even adults get tricked into doing things they regret.
Talk to them without being judgemental or angry and make them feel like they can come to you about anything, without fear of being punished or criticised.
Do not cut off your child's internet access, as they may see this as punishment and not open up to you in future.

Act to protect your child

Call the police immediately on Triple Zero (000) if their physical safety is at risk.
Get professional help and support through Kids Helpline 1800 55 1800 or eheadspace.

Collect evidence

Before you or your child block someone or delete posts or other material, take screenshots and collect evidence, including dates and times.
However, if the material involves sexualised images, be aware that possessing or sharing such images of people under 18 may be a crime, even if you have just taken a screenshot for evidence purposes. For information about relevant laws in Australia, visit Youth Law Australia. You can also read about intimate images and the law in eSafety's guide to sending nudes and sexting for parents and carers.

Report

Grooming and procuring of children over the internet are crimes investigated by the police. If you believe a child is in immediate danger, call Triple Zero (000) or call your local police.
If you have seen inappropriate behaviour towards a child online, it could be part of online child sexual exploitation, so report it to the Australian Centre to Counter Child Exploitation (ACCCE) at accce.gov.au
Online child sexual exploitation most commonly includes grooming, live streaming, watching child sexual abuse material and coercing or blackmailing children for sexual purposes. Information that may appear small or insignificant to you could prove vital to a police investigation, so don’t hesitate to report it.
If you want to make an anonymous report, you can call Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000.